ROASTED CASHEW NUT KERNEL (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.) SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES HEPATIC AND RENAL STATUS BUT NOT LIPID PROFILE IN RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.10510Abstract
Objective: Although studies suggest that nut consumption is associated with a variety of beneficial health outcomes, however, there is a dearth of data
in the literature to document this effect for roasted cashew nut kernel (RCNK). Our objective was to determine whether dietary consumption of RCNK
could improve lipid profile, hepatic and renal status in rats.
Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: A control and three experimental groups fed with roasted cashew nutsupplemented
diet at different concentrations for 28 consecutive days. After the experimental period, rats were anesthetized with ether and retroorbital
blood samples were withdrawn. Serum samples were obtained to analyze lipid profile, markers of oxidative stress, hepatic and renal status
using standard methods.
Results: The supplemented diet significantly decreased the liver function parameters in rats. All the concentrations of RCNK in diets significantly
reduced serum creatinine and urea levels. However, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased,
whereas oxidative stress markers and malondialdehyde were improved by the supplemented diet, although insignificantly, as compared with the
control.
Conclusions: These results suggest that RCNK may have beneficial health effects on the liver and kidney status although marked improvement was
not demonstrated in oxidative stress markers. However, the significant increase in serum total and LDL-C indicates the need for further studies.
Keywords: Roasted cashew nut, Anacardium occidentale, Lipid profile, Liver enzymes, Oxidative stress.
Downloads
References
Ros E. Health benefits of nut consumption. Nutrients 2010;2(7):652-82.
Brufau G, Boatella J, Rafecas M. Nuts: Source of energy and macronutrients. Br J Nutr 2006;96 Suppl 2:S24-8.
Mukuddem-Petersen J, Stonehouse Oosthuizen W, Jerling JC, Hanekom SM, White Z. Effects of a high walnut and high cashew nut diet on selected markers of the metabolic syndrome: A controlled feeding trial. Br J Nutr 2007;97(7):1144-53.
Vadivel V, Kunyanga CN, Biesalski HK. Health benefits of nut consumption with special reference to body weight control. Nutrition 2012;28(11-12):1089-97.
Ros E, Mataix J. Fatty acid composition of nuts - Implications for cardiovascular health. Br J Nutr 2006;96 Suppl 2:S29-35.
Trox J, Vadivel V, Vetter W, Stuetz W, Scherbaum V, Gola U, et al. Bioactive compounds in cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)
kernels: Effect of different shelling methods. J Agric Food Chem 2010;58(9):5341-6.
Chandrasekara N, Shahidi F. Antioxidative potential of cashew phenolics in food and biological model systems as affected by roasting. Food Chem 2011;129:1388-96.
Nnorom CI, Ewuzie U. Mineral constituents of roasted cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) from Southeastern Nigeria. IOSR J Environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol 2013;6(4):13-21.
Kosoko SB, Oluwole OB, Daramola AO, Adepoju MA, Oyelakin AJ, Tugbobo-amisu AO, et al. Comparative quality evaluation of roasted cashew nut kernel: Effect of roasting methods. Adv J Food Sci Technol 2014;6(12): 1362-71.
Jain SK, Powar AG, Kad VP, Dandekar SR, Salvi DA, Dekale JS. Effect of direct steam roasting on organoleptic properties of cashew-nut kernels. Cashew 2004;18:20-4.
Mandal RC. Cashew production and processing technology. In: Singh RP, Srivastava P, editors. Post-Harvest Processing of Food Grains. India: Agro-Botanical Publishers; 1992. p. 146-8.
Singh S, Gamlath S, Wakeling L. Nutritional aspects of food extrusion: A review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007;2:916-29.
Sun Y, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Zhang WS, Leung GM, Lam TH, et al. Nut consumption and cardiovascular risk in older Chinese: The Guangzhou biobank cohort study. PLoS One 2015;10(9):e0137178.
Feldman EB. The scientific evidence for a beneficial health relationship between walnuts and coronary heart disease. J Nutr 2002;132(5):1062S-101.
Li TY, Brennan AM, Wedick NM, Mantzoros C, Rifai N, Hu FB. Regular consumption of nuts is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes. J Nutr 2009;139(7):1333-8.
Yeh CC, You SL, Chen CJ, Sung FC. Peanut consumption and reduced risk of colorectal cancer in women: A prospective study in Taiwan. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12(2):222-7.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A, Josse AR, Nguyen TH, Faulkner DA, et al. Almonds reduce biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in older hyperlipidemic subjects. J Nutr 2008;138(5):908-13.
Li SC, Liu YH, Liu JF, Chang WH, Chen CM, Chen CY. Almond consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2011;60(4):474-9.
Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 1972;47(2):389-94.
Wallin B, Rosengren B, Shertzer HG, Camejo G. Lipoprotein oxidation and measurement of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation in a single microtiter plate: Its use for evaluation of antioxidants. Anal Biochem 1993;208(1):10-5.
Ogungbenle HN, Afolayan MF. Physical and chemical characterization of roasted cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) flour and oil. Int J Food Sci Nutr Eng 2015;5(1):1-7.
Bes-Rastrollo M, Wedick NM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Li TY, Sampson L, Hu FB. Prospective study of nut consumption, long-term weight change, and obesity risk in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(6):1913-9.
Sabaté J, Fraser GE, Burke K, Knutsen SF, Bennett H, Lindsted KD. Effects of walnuts on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in normal men. N Engl J Med 1993;328(9):603-7.
Davis L, Stonehouse W, Loots du T, Mukuddem-Petersen J, van der Westhuizen FH, Hanekom SM, et al. The effects of high walnut and cashew nut diets on the antioxidant status of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2007;46(3):155-64.
Asdaq SM, Malsawmtluangi C. Evaluation of anti-obesity potential of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) in animals. Indian J Pharm Sci Res 2015;5(1):42-50.
Ng CY, Leong XF, Masbah N, Adam SK, Kamisah Y, Jaarin K. Reprint of heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factorsâ€. Vascul Pharmacol 2014;62(1):38-46.
Adesanoye OA, Farombi EO. Hepatoprotective effects of Vernonia amygdalina (Astereaceae) in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2010;62(2):197-206.
Tavafi M, Ahmadvand H. Effect of rosmarinic acid on inhibition of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2011;43(6):392-7.
Tirkey N, Pilkhwal S, Kuhad A, Chopra K. Hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, decreases the oxidative stress produced by carbon tetrachloride in rat liver and kidney. BMC Pharmacol 2005;5:2.
Reiter RJ, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Melatonin in walnuts: Influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood. Nutrition 2005;21(9):920-4.
Cominetti C, de Bortoli MC, Purgatto E, Ong TP, Moreno FS, Garrido AB Jr, et al. Associations between glutathione peroxidase-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism, selenium status, and DNA damage levels in obese women after consumption of Brazil nuts. Nutrition 2011;27(9):891-6.
Huguenin GV, Oliveira GM, Moreira AS, Saint’ Pierre TD, Gonçalves RA, Pinheiro-Mulder AR, et al. Improvement of antioxidant status after Brazil nut intake in hypertensive and dyslipidemic subjects. Nutr J 2015;14:54.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
