SUPPRESSION EFFECT OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) LEAF EXTRACT IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES ON THE SMALL INTESTINE OF DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM-INDUCED MICE: FOCUS ON MITOSIS AND HYPERPLASIA

Kusmardi Kusmardi; Arif Ramadhan Tamzir; Santi Widiasari; Ari Estuningtyas

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.24159

Authors

Kusmardi Kusmardi Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Arif Ramadhan Tamzir Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Santi Widiasari Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Magister Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ari Estuningtyas Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.24159

Keywords:

Small intestine, Chemoprevention, Phaleria macrocarpa, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Mitosis, Hyperplasia

Abstract

Objective: The incidence of small intestine cancer (SIC) is rising despite available preventive measures. Kaempferol and quercetin are a potential chemopreventive agent for SIC, but in vivo findings are inconclusive. We aim to study the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on colitis-associated small intestine carcinogenesis in mice.

Methods: Suppression effect was tested using mice divided into 6 groups of treatment, i.e.; normal (N) group, negative control (NC), leaf extract (medium dose [MD]) dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight (BW), leaf extract chitosan and nanoparticle of mahkota dewa (NPMD) dose 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW. Dextran sulfate sodium induction of 1% w/v was administered through drinking water for 6 weeks of treatment. The suppression effect was observed histopathologically by counting the mitotic cells and hyperplasia cells of the crypt of small intestine with hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results: Mitosis cells mean of NC group was not significant difference either with MD 12.5 (p=0.394) or MD 6.5 (p=0.310). However, mitosis cell mean appears to be lower in the NPMD 12.5 (p=0.09) and NPMD 6.25 (p=0.05) groups than the NC group. There was a significant difference among the mean of hyperplasia NC group and MD and also NPMD group. Significant difference also can be showed between MD 12.5 and MD 25 (p=0.026), and between NPMD 6.25 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002), and between MD 12.5 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002).

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate suppression of hyperplasia small intestine by either nanoparticle or extract of Phaleria macrocarpa extracts. The suppression of mitosis was showed by administration of nanoparticle.

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