ANALYSIS OF ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID AND DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID IN MACKEREL FISH OIL (RASTRELLIGER KANAGURTA) USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.07Keywords:
Alpha-linolenic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Extraction with solvents, Gas chromatography, Optimization, Pressing, ValidationAbstract
Objective: This study aimed to obtain the levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mackerel fish oil by pressing and
extraction with solvent methods.
Methods: The optimum conditions were determined, and validation methods were performed for a mixture of ALA and DHA to obtain a valid method
for the determination of the levels of ALA and DHA in mackerel fish oil. Derivatization was performed by the Lepage esterification method using
methanol:toluene 4:1 (v/v) and an acetyl chloride catalyst. Gas chromatography with the Shimadzu GC-17A with a DB-5 column and flame ionization
detector was used to analyze samples at a column temperature of 200°C with an increase of 2°C/min up to 230°C (maintained for 20 min). Injector
and detector temperatures of 250°C were used with a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min.
Results: The retention time of ALA and DHA was 11.440 min and 22.337 min with a Tf of 0.949 and 1.006, respectively. The validation results fulfilled
the acceptance criteria with r values of 0.99953 and 0.99934, respectively. Total levels of ALA and DHA in mackerel fish oil were 0.39521% by pressing
and 0.33014% by extraction with solvents.
Conclusion: This method could be used as an alternative method to analyze ALA and DHA level in fish oil.
Downloads
References
Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia. Decree of the
Director General of Capture Fisheries No. KEP.09/DJ-PT/2014 about
Strategic Plan of the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries Ministry
of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 2010-2014; 2014. Available
from: http://www.simantap.djpt.kkp.go.id/static/uploads/RENSTRASDI%
-2014-BSC.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018 Feb 12].
Nurkholis H, Nuryadin D, Syaifudin N, Handika R, Setyobudi RH,
Udijanto DW. The economic of marine sector in Indonesia. Aquat
Procedia 2016;7:181-6.
Lee MK, Yoo SH. The role of the capture fisheries and aqua culture
sectors in the Korean national economy: An input-output analysis. Mar
Policy 2013;44:448-56.
Rahmizal M. Analysis of Indonesia marine fisheries with economic
growth, population and effort effectiveness. Eur J Eng Form Sci
;1:17-22.
Wibawa PJ, Listiyorini D, Fachriyah E. Determination of fatty acid
composition of mackerel oil extract with GC-MS and toxicity test using
blast method. Sci Math J 2006;14:169-74.
Diana FM. Omega 3. J Kesehatan Masyarakat 2012;6:113-7.
Lewis NM, Seburg S, Flanagan NL. Enriched eggs as a source of N-2
polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans. Poult Sci 2000;79:971-4.
Abdelhamid AS, Brown TJ, Brainard JS, Biswas P, Thorpe GC,
Moore HJ, et al. Omega 3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary
prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev
;7: CD012345.
National Institutes of Health. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Fact Sheet
for Consumers. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary
Supplements. 2018. Available from: https://www.ods.od.nih.gov/pdf/
factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-Consumer.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018
Feb 12].
Cladis DP, Kleiner AC, Freiser HH, Santerre CR. Fatty acid profiles
of commercially available finfish fillets in the united states. Lipids
;49:1005-18.
Ketaren S. Introduction of Oil and Fatty Food Technologies. Jakarta: UI
Press; 2008.
Harmita H, Stephanie MU. Determination of dososahexaenoic acid
in infant formulas with gas chromatography. Asian J Pharm Clin Res
;11:247-50.
Zhang DY, Xu XL, Shen XY, Mei Y, Xu HY. Analysis of EPA and DHA
in the viscera of marine fish using gas chromatography. Pak J Pharm Sci
;29:497-502.
Abu EO, Oluwatowoju I. Omega-3 index determined by gas
chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry. Prostaglandins
Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009;80:189-94.
Aarti S, Priyanka B. Review on the therapeutics affects mediated by omega-3
fatty acids in alzheimer’s disease. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11: 54-8.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
