KOJIC ACID PRODUCTION USING MIXED CULTURES OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE AND ASPERGILLUS TAMARII

Authors

  • Herman Suryadi Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.
  • Dyah Karina Puspita Sukarna Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.62

Keywords:

Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus tamarii, Kojic acid, Optimization of fermentation

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to find the optimum kojic acid fermentation conditions using combination cultures of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus
tamarii.
Methods: Screening of the best mixed cultures was performed using yeast extract medium with 5% (w/v) glucose. Fermentation conditions
were optimized by varying carbon and nitrogen sources, pH of medium, inoculum ratio, and aeration. Aeration was varied using 50 and 100 mL
of medium in 100 and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, respectively. Kojic acid was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography-densitometry and UV-Vis
spectrophotometry.
Results: Kojic acid produced from mixed cultures yielded 0.1396 gg−1, while sole cultures of A. oryzae and A. tamarii yielded 0.0329 gg−1 and
0.1001 gg−1, respectively. Of the nine fermentation mediums, the best carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and yeast extract. From the three
variations of pH, pH 3.5 was the optimum pH value. From the three ratios of inoculum concentration, a ratio of 2:3 (A. oryzae:A. tamarii) was the best
ratio. Aeration was varied using 50 and 100 mL of medium in 100 and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, respectively. Aeration of 100 mL medium in 250 mL
Erlenmeyer flask was selected as the best aeration that produced 6.559 g/L kojic acid.
Conclusion: The highest concentration of kojic acid was obtained by mixing cultures of A. oryzae and A. tamarii in a ratio of 2:3, using sucrose and
yeast extract as the substrates at pH 3.5 and semiaerobic condition.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Rosfarizan M, Shamzi M, Nurashikin S, Madihah MS, Arbakariya BA.

Kojic acid: Applications and development of fermentation process for

production. Biotech Mol Biol Rev 2010;5:24-37.

Bentley R. From miso, sake and shoyu to cosmetics: A century of

science for kojic acid. Nat Prod Rep 2006;23:1046.

Spencer A, Suhaili N, Bujang K, Hussaini A. Comparative Study of

Fig. 6: Kojic acid spectrum on UV-Vis spectrophotometer: (a) Kojic

acid from fermentation culture; (b) standard of kojic acid

Kojic Acid Production from Sago Hampas Using Different Strains of

Aspergillus flavus via Solid State Fermentation. 2nd ed. ASEAN Sago

Symposium. Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia: UNIMAS; 2012. p.

-31.

Suryadi H, Radji M, Dianingtyas J, Hidayah AP. Improvement of Kojic

Acid Production by a Mutant Strain of Aspergillus flavus, N40C10.

Bandung: Presented at International Conference on Mathematics and

Natural Sciences; 2006.

Velazhahan R. Bioprospecting of medicinal plants for detoxification of

aflatoxins. Int J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis 2017;7:60.

Pildain M, Frisvad J, Vaamonde G, Cabral D, Varga J, Samson R.

Two novel aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species from Argentinean

peanuts. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008;58:725-35.

Hassan HM, Saad M, Hazzaa MM, E Ibrahim AI. Optimization study

for the production of kojic acid crystals by Aspergillus oryzae var.

effusus NRC 14 Isolate. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2014;3:133-42.

Sulistyaningrum L. Optimization of Kojic Acid Fermentation by Mutant

Strain of Aspergillus flavus NTGA7A4UVE10 [Optimasi Fermentasi

Asam Kojat Oleh Galur Mutan Aspergillus flavus NTGA7A4UVE10].

Thesis. Depok: Universitas Indonesia; 2008.

Sharma V, Garg M, Talukdar D, Thakur P, Henkel M, Sharma D, et al.

Preservation of microbial spoilage of food by biosurfactant-based

coating. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11:98-101.

Balaraman M, Ghatnur S, Parvatam G. Culture conditions for

production of biomass, adenosine, and cordycepin from Cordyceps

sinensis CS1197: Optimization by desirability function method.

Pharmacog Mag 2015;11:448-56.

Xu C, Hu W, Liu S, Zhang Y, Xun D. Mycelial fermentation

characteristics and antiproliferative activity of Phellinus vaninii ljup.

Pharmacog Mag 2014;10:430-4.

Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebersss PA, Smith F. Colorimetric

method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem

;28:350-6.

Suzanne NS. Introduction to the Chemical Analysis of Food. London:

Jones and Bartlett Publisher; 1994. p. 137-64.

Aravindan R, Viruthagiri T, Seenivasan A, Subhagar S. Microbial

production and biomedical applications of lovastatin. Indian J Pharm

Sci 2008;70:701-9.

Wan H, Chen C, Giridhar R, Chang T, Wu W. Repeated-batch

production of kojic acid in a cell-retention fermenter using Aspergillus

oryzae M3B9. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005;32:227-33.

Piantavini MS, Goncalves AG, Trindade AC, Merce AL, Potarolo R.

Development and validation of a UV spectrophotometric method for

kojic acid quantification based on its aluminum complexes. Asian J

Pharm Clin Res 2013;1:70-3.

Mukul S, Surabhi K, Atul N. Cosmeceuticals for the skin: An overview.

Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2011;4:1-6.

Kitada M, Ueyama H, Fukimbara T. Studies on kojic acid fermentation

(i) cultural condition in submerged culture. J Ferment Technol

;45:1101-7.

Subrahmanyam V, Rao J, Kamath P, Raj P. Optimization of cultural

conditions for protease production by a fungal Species. Indian J Pharm

Sci 2010;72:161-6.

Published

20-12-2018

How to Cite

Suryadi, H., & Sukarna, D. K. P. (2018). KOJIC ACID PRODUCTION USING MIXED CULTURES OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE AND ASPERGILLUS TAMARII. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(1), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.62

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>