ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF STANDARDIZED PIPER BETEL EXTRACT AND ITS MOUTHWASH PREPARATION
Keywords:
Betelpiper, Mouthwash, Hydroxichavicol, Antimicrobial activityAbstract
Objective: Piper betel plant (Piper betel Linn.) is a native plant of South East Asia. It is empiritically long known for medication of dental caries and bad breath. The aim of this study wasto evaluate astandardized ethanol extract frompiper betelfor its antimicrobial activity toward Streptococcus mutans and several other microbes.
Methods: 150 g fresh leaves were steamly destilated resulting 15 g betel pipel oil and aqueous phase. The mixture, namely actifold 30 and 60, was characterized on its hydroxychavicolusing high performace liquid chromatography followed by formulation of mouthwash. Antimicrobial activities of Actifold 30 and 60 was then screened onPseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilus cereus, Candida albicans, Aspergilus niger, Staphylococcus cerevisae and Streptococcus mutan.The piper betel oil was further analyzed using gas chromatography.
Results: The extract had a wide range of inhibitionswith low MIC against P.aeruginosa, E.coli, S.aureus, B.cereus, C.albicans, A.niger, and S.cereviceae.High purity active compound in Actifold, hydroxychavicoloil, gave significantly lower MIC value compared toother active ingredients in a commercial brand mouthwash. Mouthwash formulated with Actifold containing the same ethanol amount as the commercial brand mouthwash gave half the MBC value. Mouthwash formulated with hydroxychavicol without ethanol addition gave the same MBC value as the commercial brand mouthwash.The standardized piper betel extract Actifold 30x shows good potential in mouthwash formulation using a concentration 2.5 times its MBC value. It is also proven effective in low alcohol mouthwash formula.
Conclusion: Actifold 30x showed best inhibition towards the mold A.nigerand showed fair inhibition towards yeast and bacteria tested.
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