PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SARGASSUM POLYCYSTUM C. AGARDH AND SARGASSUM DUPLICATUM J. AGARDH
Keywords:
Sargassum, Phytochemistry, Chemical diversityAbstract
Objective: The present study was aimed to reveal the phytochemical composition of Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum J. Agardh from Manapad, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: Seaweeds Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum J. Agardh were collected from Manapad, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India by hand picking method. The dried and powdered materials (10 g) of S. polycystum and S. duplicatum were extracted with 60 ml of solvents viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, Methanol and aqueous. The sample was kept in dark for 72 h with intermittent shaking. The different extracts were tested for steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone and sterol. Phytochemical screening of extracts was carried out according to the standard method. To know the extractive values and physicochemical characters of S. polycystum and S. duplicatum, the ash and fluorescence analysis was determined by standard method.
Results: Among the various tested extracts, methanolic extracts of S. polycystum showed the presence of the maximum of seven metabolites out of ten metabolites examined. Next to that chloroform and acetone extracts of S. polycystum displayed the occurrence of four metabolites. Petroleum ether extract of S. polycystum demonstrated the presence of three metabolites. Aqueous extracts of S. polycystum showed the occurrence of only two metabolites. The methanolic and chloroform extracts of S. duplicatum showed their presence of maximum of five metabolites out of ten metabolites examined. Next to that acetone extract of S. duplicatum displayed four metabolites. Petroleum ether extract of S. duplicatum demonstrated the occurrence of three metabolites in the crude extracts. Aqueous extract of S. duplicatum displayed the presence of two metabolites. The characteristic fluorescent properties or colours emitted by the powdered thallus of S. polycystum and S. duplicatum before and after treating with various extracts were recorded.
Conclusion: To strengthen the global scientific effort, in the present study the phyto-constituents presence in S. polycystum and S. duplicatum are documented.
Â
Downloads
References
Chau Van M, Phan Van K, Ngyen Hai D. Marine natural products and their potential application in the future. AJST 2005;22(4):297-11.
Balaji raghavendran H, Sathivel A, Devaki T. Defensive nature of Sargassum polycystum (Brown alga) against acetaminophen-induced toxic hepatitis in rats: Role of drug metabolizing microsomal enzyme system, tumor necrosis factor-α and fate of liver cell structural integrity. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12(24):3829-4.
Rajasulochana P, Dhamotharan R, Krishnamoorthy P, Murugesan S. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of marine red and brown algae. J Am Sci 2009;5(3):20-5.
Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2007;24:31-86.
Cabrita L, Quintela JM, Vilalta R. In vitro activities of three selected brown seaweeds of India. An Quim Ser C 2010;8:113–5.
Narisnh L, Archana N, Werner EG. Muller. Marine natural products on drug discovery. Nat Prod Radiance 2005;4(6):28-48.
Kandale A, Meena AK, Rao MM, Panda P, Mangal AK, Reddy G, et al. Marine algae: An introduction, food value and medicinal uses. J Pharm Res 2011;4(1):219-21.
Bazes A, Silkina A, Douzenel P, Fay F, Kervarec N, Morin D, et al. Investigation of the antifouling constituents from the brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt. J Appl Phycol 2009;21(4):395.
Arputha Bibiana M, Nithya K, Manikandan MS, Selvamani P, Latha S. Antimicrobial evaluation of the organic extracts of Sargassum wightii (brown algae) and Kappaphycus alwarezii (red algae) collected from the coast of Meemesal, Tamilnadu. IJPCBS 2012;2(4):439-6.
Mansuya P, Aruna P, Sridhar S, Suresh Kumar J, Babu S. Antibacterial activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis of selected seaweeds from Gulf of Mannar Region. J Exp Sci 2010;1(8):23-6.
Sherwani SK, Nazim K, Khan TM, Ahmed M, Malik MW, Noor AA, et al. Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of crude extract of Sargassum tenerrimum J. Agardh against potential human pathogens. Fuuast J Biol 2012;2(2):65-8.
Karthick N, Murugalakshmi Kumari R. Evaluation of phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Sargassum wightii. Int J Res Plant Sci 2014;4(4):96-9.
Sangeetha S, Dhayanithi NB, Sivakumar N. Antibacterial activity of Sargassum longifolium and Gracilaria corticata from Gulf of Mannar against selected common shrimp pathogens. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2014;5(2):76–2.
Yangthong M, Towatana NH, Phromkunthong W. Antioxidant activities of four edible seaweeds from the southern coast of Thailand. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2009;64(3):218-3.
Liu L, Heinrich M, Myres S, Dworjanyn SA. Towards a better understanding of medicinal uses of the brown seaweed Sargassum in traditional chinese medicine: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 142(3):595.
Achary A, Muthalagu K, Saravana Guru M. Identification of Phytochemicals from Sargassum wightii against Aedes aegypti. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2014;29(1):314-9.
Lee SG, Kang H. Neuroprotective Effect of Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) kuntze in activated murine microglial cells. Trop J Pharm Res 2015;14(2):235-40.
Subramaniam D, Menon T, Elizabeth HL, Swaminathan S. Anti-HIV-1 activity of Sargassum swartzii a marine brown alga. BMC Infect Dis 2014;14(Suppl 3):E43.
Round FE. The Biology of the Algae. 2nd ed. London: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd; 1973.
Chennubhotla VSK, Kaliaperumal N, Kalimuthu S. Seaweed recipes and other practical uses of seaweeds. Sea Food Exp J 1981;13:9-16.
Wang S, Jiang XM, Han XX, Liu JG. Combustion characteristics of seaweeds biomass. 1. Combustion characteristics of Enteromorpha clathrata and Sargassum natans. Energy Fuels 2009;23:5173-8.
Yokoyama S, Jonouchi K, Imou K. Energy production from marine biomass: fuel cell power generation driven by methane produced from seaweed. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 2007;28:320-3.
Bhaigyabati T, Usha K. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Sargassum wightii Greville. Int J Universal Pharm Biol Sci 2013;2(6):60-9.
Sumithra M, Arunachalam G. Pharmacognostical study and phytochemical evaluation of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardh. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2014;6(7):2022-7.
Madhan Chakkaravarthy V, Kumar V. HPTLC Finger print analysis of steroid, Flavonoid and antiradical activity in Sargassum wightii from Gulf of Mannar. Res J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2011;3(2):72-4.
Arunkumar M, Suhashini K, Mahesh N, Ravikumar R. Quorum quenching and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Sargassum polyphyllum. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2014;9:54-9.
Bhaigyabathi T, Kirthika T, Shiny K, Usha K. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Sargassum muticum. IJPRD 2011;3(10):25-30.
Farook Basha S, Muthukumar C. Preliminary phytochemical screening and invitro angiotension activity of bioactive compound-steroid isolated from Sargassum ilicifolium. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2014;6(Suppl 2):299-301.
Johnson M, Petchiammal E, Janakiraman N, Babu A, Renisheya Joy Jeba Malar T, Sivaraman A. Phytochemical characterization of brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012;2(Suppl 1):S109-13.
Devi JAI, Sathiya Balan G, Periyanayaga K. Pharmacognostical study and phytochemical evaluation of brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. J Coastal Life Med 2013;1(3):199-4.
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1998.
Faulkner DJ. Highlights of marine natural products chemistry. Nat Prod Rep 2000a;17:1–6.
Faulkner DJ. Marine pharmacology. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2000b;77:135–45.
Schwartsmann G, Rocha DA, Berlinck AB, Jimeno J. Marine organisms as a source of new anticancer agents. Lancet Oncol 2001;2:221–5.
Dhargalkar VK, Neelam P. Seaweed: Promising plant of the millennium. Sci Culture 2005;71:60-6.
Chandini SK, Ganesan P, Bhaskar N. In vitro activities of three selected brown seaweeds of India. Food Chem 2008;107:707-13.
Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G. Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products. Food Chem 2007;103:891-9.
Fitton JH. Antiviral properties of marine algae. In: Critchley AT, Ohno M, Largo DB. Editors. World Seaweed Resources. Workingham, UK: ETI Information Services; 2006. p. 7.
Van Alstyne KL, Paul VJ. The role of secondary metabolites in marine ecological interactions. Proc Sixth Int Coral Reef Symphosium 1988;1:175-86.
Watson SB, Cruz-Rivera E. Algal chemical ecology: an introduction to the special issue. Phycologia 2003;42:319-23.
Omulokoli E, Khan B. Chhabra. Antiplasmodial activity of four Kenyan medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;56:133-7.
Cowan MM. Plants products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:564-82.
Athukorala Y, Lee KW, Shahidi F, Heu MS, Kim HT, Lee JS, et al. Antioxidant efficacy of extracts of an edible red alga (Grateloupia wlicina) in linoleic acid and Wsh Oil. J Food Lipid 2003;10:313-27.
Heo SJ, Park EJ, Lee KW, Jeon YJ. Antioxidant activities of enzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds. Bioresour Technol 2005;96:1613-23.
Duan XJ, Zhang WW, Li XM, Wang BG. Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga, Polysiphonia urceolata. Food Chem 2006;95:37-43.
Kuda T, Kunii T, Goto H, Suzuki T, Yano T. Varieties of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ecklonia stolonifera and Ecklonia kurome products harvested and processed in the Noto peninsula, Japan. Food Chem 2007;103:900-5.
Wang T, Jónsdóttir R, Ólafsdóttir G. Total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging and metal chelation of extracts from Icelandic seaweeds. Food Chem 2009;116:240-8.
Athukorala Y, Kim KN, Jeon YJ. Antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of an enzymatic hydrolysate from brown alga, Ecklonia cava. Food Chem Toxicol 2006;44:1065-74.
Nagai T, Yukimoto T. Marine natural products on drug discovery. Food Chem 2003;81:327-32.
Huang J, Liu Y, Wang X. Selective adsorption of tannin from favonoids by organically attapulgite clay. J Hazard Mater 2008;160:382-7.
Haslam E. Plant Polyphenols: Vegetable Tannins Revisited. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press; 1989.
Waterman PG, Mole S. Analysis of Phenolic Plant Metabolites. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientifc Publications; 1994.
Ragan MA, Glombitza KW. Phlorotannins, brown algal polyphenols. In: Hellebustad JA, Craigie JS. editors. Handbook of Phycological Methods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986.
Sarah JW, Bloor SJ, Hemmingson JA, Furneaux RH, Nelson WA. The presence of gigartinine in a New Zealand Gracilaria species. J Appl Phycol 2001;13:409–13.
Hemat RAS. Fat and muscle dysfunction. In: Hemat RAS. editor. Andropathy. Dublin, Ireland; 2007. p. 83-5.
Lü L, Liu SW, Jiang SB, Wu SG. Tannin inhibits HIV-1 entry by targeting gp 41. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2004;25(2):213–8.
Akiyama H, Fujii K, Yamasaki O, Oono T, Iwatsuki K. Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48(4):487-91.
Kolodziej H, Kiderlen AF. Antileishmanial activity and immune modulatory effects of tannins and related compounds on Leishmania parasitised RAW 264.7 cells. Phytochem 2005; 66(17):2056-71.
Ndhlala AR, Kasiyamhuru A, Mupure C, Chitindingu K, Benhura MA, Muchuweti M. Phenolic composition of Flacourtia indica, Opuntia megacantha and Sclerocarya birrea. Food Chem 2007;103:82-7.
Herrmann K. Occurrence and content of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid compounds in food. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1989;28:315-47.
Wallace G, Fry SC. Phenolic components of the plant cell wall. Int Rev Cytol 1994;151:229-67.
Hellio C, De La B, Dufosse D, Le G, Bourgougnon N. Inhibition of marine bacteria by extracts of macroalgae: potential use for environmentally friendly antifouling paints. Mar Environ Res 2001;52(3):231-47.
Lam C, Harder T. Marine macroalgae effect abundance and community richness of bacterioplankton in close proximity. J Phycol 2007;43:874-81.
Maximilien R, De Nys R, Holmstrom C, Gram L, Givskov M, Crass K, et al. Chemical mediation of bacterial surface colonisation by secondary metabolites from the red alga Delisea pulchra. Aquat Microb Ecol 1998;15(3):233-46.
Lanciotti R, Gianotti A, Patrignani A, Belleti N, Guerzoni ME, Gardini F. Use of natural aroma compounds to improve shelf-life of minimally processed fruits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2004;15:201-8.
Xu R, Zhao W, Xu J, Shao B, Qin G. Studies on bioactive saponins from Chinese medicinal plants. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996;5:371-82.
George F, Zohar K, Harinder PSM, Klaus B. The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review. Br J Nutr 2002;88(6):587–605.
Rao P, Parekh KS. Antibacterial activity of Indian seaweeds. Phykos 1981;23:216-21.