SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA LONGA AND GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA EXTRACTS WITH COPPER IONS ON FOOD SPOILAGE BACTERIA
Keywords:
Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Copper metal ions, Food spoilage bacteria, Paenibacillus popilliae, Zone of inhibitionAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the synergistic antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra in combination with copper metal ions.
Methods: The phytochemical analysis of Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra's extracts were observed by standard procedures. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Paenibacillus popilliae by an agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of copper ions and their synergistic effect was also evaluated.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was carried out for the detection of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids and coumarins. The results of combinatorial effects of copper metal ions with aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed maximum antibacterial activity (30±0.33 mm and 30±0.00 mm) when 25 µl of plant extract combined with 25 µl of copper ions, whereas minimum antibacterial activity (23±0.33 mm and 22±0.33 mm) was shown when 45 µl of plant extract combined with 5 µl of copper ions, when evaluated against Paenibacillus popilliae. An increase of 187.5% and 12.55% (least) was observed in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa on supplementation of copper metal ions.
Conclusion: The results suggest that crude extracts from these plants can be used for therapeutic purposes as they possess potent antibacterial properties due to the presence of various phyto chemicals in them. The aqueous plant extracts showed enhanced activity in conjugation with copper metal ions against food spoilage bacteria as compared to ethanolic plant extracts.
Â
Downloads
References
Palombo EA, Semple SJ. Antibacterial activity of traditional australian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2001:151-7.
Westh H, Zinn CS, Rosdahl VT. An international multicenter study of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 15 hospitals in 14 countries. Microb Drug Resist 2004;10:169-76.
Laxmi A, Singh S, Mehta A. Antimicrobial screening of methanol and aqueous extracts of Swertia Chirata. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011;3(Suppl 4):142-6.
Chattopadhyay I, Biswas K, Bandyopadhyay U, Banerjee RK. Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. Curr Sci 2004;88:44-53.
Luthra PM, Singh R, Chandra R. Therapeutics uses of Curcuma longa (Turmeric). Indian J Clin Biochem 2001;16:153-60.
Cruz O, Janero RD. Biological activities of Cucurma longa L.; 2001. p. 723-8.
Allawi SS, Auda JM, Hameed HQ, Ali TI. The effect of Curcurma longa (Turmeric) rhizomes extracts on pathogenic bacteria in comparison with standard antibiotics. J Biotech Res Center 2009;3:15-20.
Shankar BTN, Murthy S. Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) fractions on the growth of some intestinal & pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Indian J Exp Biol 1979;17:1363-6.
Chopra GPKP, Saraf BD, INAM F, Deo S. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and HPLC analysis. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;5(Suppl 2):157-60.
Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: NISCAIR, CSIR; 2002.
Sheth A. The Herbs of India. 1st ed. Gujrat: Hi Scan Pvt Ltd; 2005. p. 566.
Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M. Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011;77:1541-7.
Mukhtar S, Ghori I. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic, cinnamon and turmeric against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Bacillus substilis DSM 3256. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Tech 2012;3:131-6.
Farnsworth NR. Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. J Pharm Sci 1966;55:225-76.
Sawant RS, Godghate AG. Qualitative phytochemical screening of rhizomes of Curcuma longa linn. Int J Sci Environ 2013;2:634-41.
Prabhakar VK, Jaidka A, Singh R. In vitro study on α-amylase inhibitory activity and phytochemical screening of few Indian medicinal plant having anti-diabetic properties. Int J Sci Res 2013;3:2.
Uthayarasa K, Pathmanathan K, Jeyadevan JR, Jeyaseelan EC. In vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of some selected medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2010;1:291-9.
Firdouse S, Alam P. Phytochemical investigation of extract of Amorphophallus campanulatus tubers. Int J Phytomed 2011;3:32-5.
Deb N, Majumdar P, Ghosh AK. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn. J Pharm Sci Tech 2013;2:81-6.
Gupta A, Maheshwari DK, Khandelwal G. Antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots against certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. J Appl Nat Sci 2013;5:459-64.
Andrews JM. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;48(Suppl 1):5-16.
Pandey A, Singh P. Antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) with metal ion effect against food borne pathogens. Asian J Plant Sci Res 2011;1:69-80.
Paramasivam M, Aktar MW, Poi R, Banerjee H, Bandyopadhyay A. Occurrence of curcuminoids in Curcuma longa: quality standardization by HPTLC. J Bangl Pharma Soci 2008;3:55-8.
Prinitha. Phytochemical characterization and Antimicrobial activity of oil and solvent extracts of Curcuma longa. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2012;3:49-55.
Mishra RP, Sharique M. Effect of metal ions and drugs on antibacterial activities of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds. Eur J Exp Biol 2011;2:41-6.
Obolentseva GV, Litinenko VI, Ammosov AS. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of licorice preparations (a review). J Pharm Chem 1999;33:24-31.